介紹中國穆斯林受沙烏地教育影響的文章
Salafism, or Salafiyya, is a
doctrinal-intellectual current within Islam that espouses a return to the ways
of the Salaf As-Salih (the Pious Ancestors), the first three generations of
Muslims who lived during and after the death of the Prophet Mohammed. Often
described as being rooted in the works of the medieval scholars Ibn Hanbal and
Ibn Taymiyyah, Salafism seeks to establish a more “authentic” religious
experience predicated on a presumably correct reading of the Quran and the sunnah
(the sayings and practices of the Prophet) and away from the supposed bid’ah
(innovations) and heretical practices that have “polluted” it.
This current moreover embraces to a
certain extent a rejection of the madhhab
(legal school) Sunni traditions that had
emerged in Islam’s early centuries. As a relatively modern phenomenon building
on the Sunni orthodox revivals of the 18th century, the failures of traditional
Muslim authorities to contend with mounting internal and external challenges,
as well as the spread of new modernistic discourses, Salafism found a popular
following across many Muslim societies in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. Its growth was facilitated by Saudi
Arabia – which embraced its own idiosyncratic brand of Salafism rooted in the
mid-18th century religious revivalism that swept central Arabia (usually denoted by its detractors as Wahhabism after
its “founder” Mohammed bin Abdul Wahhab) – especially after its annexation of Mecca and Medina in 1924-25, and
the subsequent influx of oil wealth, which
endowed the country with the religious authority and means (universities,
charities, organizations, preachers, and communicative mediums) to promote this current globally.
